Hydrography & Monaco The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental organisation established in 1921 to promote cooperation among maritime nations in the field of hydrography and nautical charting. The IHO's main objective is to ensure that all the world's navigable waters are surveyed and charted to modern standards . The IHO is responsible for
Polar Ice Vessels & Ramming Ocean going research vessels require accurate and precise navigation as all oceanographic sampling is associated with a time and location.Navigation methods have changed from earlier traditional methods of using sextant and chronometer to satellite positioning. Polar research vessels features incorporate endurance upto 90 days, helicopter support, special provisions for cold
Term Blue Economy The term “blue economy” entered common parlance after the United Nations (UN) Conference on Sustainable Development held in the year 2012 to promote marine ecosystem integrated management .Yet the ensuing concluding remarks did not allude to the word blue. The emphasis during the UN conference was about building adequate capacity for
Destruction of Mangroves through coastal reclamation without acquiring Hydrographic study data damages the marine aquatic habitat of shrimps and endangered marine species drastically reducing fish stocks sometimes being the sole source of livelihood of fishing communities. One of the basic elements for a thriving planet is biodiversity. The term biodiversity connotes that diverse forests with
