Hydrography & Monaco The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental organisation established in 1921 to promote cooperation among maritime nations in the field of hydrography and nautical charting. The IHO's main objective is to ensure that all the world's navigable waters are surveyed and charted to modern standards . The IHO is responsible for
Spin offs and Economic Benefits of Ports in Pakistan A seaports economic impact stretches far beyond ports limits. Taking into account the direct and flow-on effects of trade entering and leaving the port area the added value supports a port cities businesses, communities and its people. Local Government Areas and the communities adjacent to the
Polar Ice Vessels & Ramming Ocean going research vessels require accurate and precise navigation as all oceanographic sampling is associated with a time and location.Navigation methods have changed from earlier traditional methods of using sextant and chronometer to satellite positioning. Polar research vessels features incorporate endurance upto 90 days, helicopter support, special provisions for cold
Roots of Muslim Maritime Trade The history of transregional trade in the Indian Ocean is reflective of a vibrant trade from around the 1st century AD . With the expansion of Islam into India, East Africa and Southeast Asia the Indian Ocean began to cohere as a unified global economy and subsequently bound up in
Decision and judgement of The INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE on Continental Shelf & Exclusive Economic Zones in South America QUESTION OF THE DELIMITATION OF THE CONTINENTAL SHELF BETWEEN NICARAGUA AND COLOMBIA BEYOND 200 NAUTICAL MILES FROM THE NICARAGUAN COAST First question formulated by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) was ; Whether a State’s entitlement
Where has the US Commercial Shipping Industry disappeared The US Navy and US Maritime Administration will have to justify why it is so prolific in spending on naval ships rather then building US merchant navy fleet. What is really being protected by the US Navy needs an in depth study. Is the US Navy protecting
Complexities of Maritime Laws In the last two decades there has been a tremendous development in maritime logistics, shipping and trade accompanied by advancement in technology, concern about exploitation of oceanic resources and a massive increase in the tonnage of sea going vessels. Approximately one third of global maritime trade, passes through the South China
Part II UNCLOS and Economic Rights Coastal States The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) grants special rights to the coastal states with regards to exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production in the area in its jurisdiction at times termed as exclusive economic zone. Economic Control of Waters
