Internet Traffic through the Ocean The internet traffic travels underwater and at the bottom of the oceans through almost 1.5 million km of submarine fiber optic cables. It can be safely said that 99% of all international internet data is transferred through a labyrinth of cables stretching along the seabed which is crisscrossed with 229
Roots of Muslim Maritime Trade The history of transregional trade in the Indian Ocean is reflective of a vibrant trade from around the 1st century AD . With the expansion of Islam into India, East Africa and Southeast Asia the Indian Ocean began to cohere as a unified global economy and subsequently bound up in
Exclusive Economic Zone & UNCLOS States Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) extend no more than 200 nautical miles from the territorial sea baseline and is adjacent to the 12 nautical mile territorial sea. The Part V Article 55 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) defines the EEZ as: “The exclusive
International Seabed Authority The International Seabed Authority (ISA) Assembly of 168 member states met in Jamaica recently to regulate deep-sea mining however the progressive regulatory proposals of Chile, Vanuatu, Palau, France and Costa Rica were unfortunately vetoed and critical ocean environmental issues adjourned by the Assembly to next year. Calls for a precautionary pause or
